A cikin wannan labarin, za mu duba da yawa daga cikin fasahohi da kayan da ake amfani da su don kera sassa don samarwa, fa'idodin su, abubuwan da za a yi la'akari da su, da ƙari.
Gabatarwa
Ƙungiyoyin masana'antu don samarwa - wanda kuma aka sani da sassan amfani na ƙarshe - yana nufin tsarin yin amfani da kayan aiki don ƙirƙirar ɓangaren da aka tsara da kuma ƙera don amfani da shi a cikin samfurin ƙarshe, sabanin samfuri ko samfuri.Duba jagorarmu zuwasamfurin farko na masana'antudon ƙarin koyo game da wannan.
Don tabbatar da cewa sassan ku suna aiki a cikin yanayi na ainihi - azaman sassan injina, abubuwan abin hawa, samfuran mabukaci, ko kowane maƙasudin aiki - yana buƙatar kusanci masana'anta tare da wannan.Don samun nasara da ingantaccen ƙera sassa don samarwa, ya kamata ku yi la'akari da kayan, ƙira, da hanyoyin samarwa don tabbatar da kun cika aikin da ake buƙata, aminci, da buƙatun inganci.
Zabar kayan don sassan samarwa
Abubuwan gama gari don sassa da ake nufi don samarwa sun haɗa da ƙarfe kamar ƙarfe ko aluminum, robobi kamar ABS, polycarbonate, da nailan, abubuwan da aka haɗa kamar fiber fiber da fiberglass da wasu yumbu.
Abubuwan da suka dace don sassan amfanin ƙarshenku zai dogara da takamaiman buƙatun aikace-aikacen, da farashin sa da samuwa.Anan akwai ƴan kaddarorin gama gari don yin la'akari da lokacin zabar kayan da za a kera sassa don samarwa da su:
❖ Karfi.Ya kamata kayan aiki su kasance masu ƙarfi da ƙarfi don jure wa ƙarfin da za a fallasa wani sashi yayin amfani.Karfe sune misalai masu kyau na kayan karfi.
❖ Dorewa.Kayan ya kamata su iya jure lalacewa da tsagewa na tsawon lokaci ba tare da lalacewa ko rushewa ba.An san abubuwan da aka haɗa don duka karko da ƙarfi.
❖ Sassauci.Dangane da aikace-aikacen ɓangaren ƙarshe, abu na iya buƙatar zama mai sassauƙa don ɗaukar motsi ko nakasawa.Filastik kamar polycarbonate da nailan an san su don sassauci.
❖ jure yanayin zafi.Idan ɓangaren za a fallasa shi zuwa yanayin zafi, alal misali, kayan ya kamata su iya tsayayya da zafi ba tare da narkewa ko nakasa ba.Karfe, ABS, da yumbu misalai ne na kayan da ke nuna kyakkyawan juriyar zafin jiki.
Hanyoyin samarwa don sassa don samarwa
Ana amfani da nau'ikan hanyoyin masana'antu guda huɗu don ƙirƙirar sassa don samarwa:
❖ Ƙarfafa masana'antu
❖ Ƙarfafa masana'antu
❖ Ƙarfe na Ƙarfe
❖ Yin wasan kwaikwayo
Ƙarfafa masana'antu
Ƙirƙirar ƙira - wanda kuma aka sani da masana'anta na gargajiya - ya haɗa da cire abu daga babban yanki har sai an sami siffar da ake so.Ƙirƙirar raguwa sau da yawa yana sauri fiye da masana'anta, yana sa ya fi dacewa da samar da tsari mai girma.Duk da haka, yana iya zama mafi tsada, musamman idan aka yi la'akari da kayan aiki da farashin saiti, kuma gabaɗaya yana samar da ƙarin sharar gida.
Nau'o'in masana'anta gama gari sun haɗa da:
❖ Kwamfuta sarrafa lambobi (CNC) milling.Nau'inInjin CNC, CNC milling ya ƙunshi yin amfani da kayan aiki na yanke don cire kayan aiki daga ƙaƙƙarfan toshe don ƙirƙirar ɓangaren da aka gama.Yana da ikon ƙirƙirar sassa tare da manyan matakan daidaito da daidaito a cikin kayan kamar ƙarfe, robobi, da abubuwan haɗin gwiwa.
❖ CNC juyawa.Hakanan nau'in mashin ɗin CNC, juyawa CNC yana amfani da kayan aikin yanke don cire abu daga ƙaƙƙarfan juyawa.Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da shi don ƙirƙirar abubuwa masu siliki, kamar bawuloli ko ramuka.
❖ Ƙirƙirar ƙarfe na takarda.A cikizane karfe ƙirƙira, Ana yanke ko a kafa wani lebur ɗin ƙarfe bisa ga tsari, yawanci fayil ɗin DXF ko CAD.
Ƙarfafa masana'antu
Ƙarfafa masana'antu - wanda kuma aka sani da bugu na 3D - yana nufin tsari wanda aka ƙara abu a saman kansa don ƙirƙirar wani sashi.Yana iya samar da sifofi masu sarƙaƙƙiya waɗanda in ba haka ba ba zai yuwu ba tare da hanyoyin masana'antu na gargajiya (raguwa), yana haifar da ƙarancin sharar gida, kuma yana iya yin sauri da ƙarancin tsada, musamman lokacin samar da ƙananan rukunoni na sassa masu rikitarwa.Ƙirƙirar sassa masu sauƙi, duk da haka, na iya zama a hankali fiye da masana'anta, kuma kewayon kayan da ake samu gabaɗaya karami ne.
Nau'o'in masana'anta gama gari sun haɗa da:
❖ Stereolithography (SLA).Hakanan aka sani da bugu na resin 3D, SLA yana amfani da Laser UV azaman tushen haske don zaɓin maganin resin polymer da ƙirƙirar ɓangaren da ya gama.
❖ Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM).Hakanan aka sani da Fused filament ƙirƙira (FFF),FDMyana gina sassan sassan layi-layi, yana zaɓar kayan da aka narke a cikin hanyar da aka riga aka ƙaddara.Yana amfani da polymers na thermoplastic waɗanda ke zuwa cikin filaments don samar da abubuwa na zahiri na ƙarshe.
❖ Zaɓar Laser Sintering (SLS).A cikiSLS 3D bugu, Laser selectively sinters barbashi na wani polymer foda, fusing su tare da gina wani bangare, Layer by Layer.
❖ Multi Jet Fusion (MJF).A matsayin fasahar bugu na 3D na HP,MJFna iya kai tsaye da sauri isar da sassa tare da babban ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, ƙudurin fasali mai kyau, da ingantattun kaddarorin inji
Karfe kafa
A cikin samar da ƙarfe, ana siffata ƙarfe zuwa siffar da ake so ta hanyar amfani da ƙarfi ta hanyar injina ko na zafi.Tsarin zai iya zama ko zafi ko sanyi, dangane da karfe da siffar da ake so.ɓangarorin da aka ƙirƙira tare da ƙirar ƙarfe yawanci suna nuna ƙarfi da dorewa.Hakanan, akwai ƙarancin sharar kayan da aka ƙirƙira fiye da sauran nau'ikan masana'anta.
Nau'o'in ƙira na gama gari sun haɗa da:
❖ Ƙirƙira.Karfe yana zafi, sannan a siffata shi ta hanyar amfani da karfi mai matsawa zuwa gare shi.
❖ Fitowa.Ana tilasta ƙarfe ta hanyar mutu don ƙirƙirar siffar da ake so ko bayanin martaba.
❖ Zane.Ana jan ƙarfe ta cikin mutu don ƙirƙirar siffa ko bayanin martaba da ake so.
❖ Lankwasawa.An lanƙwasa ƙarfe zuwa siffar da ake so ta hanyar ƙarfin aiki.
Yin wasan kwaikwayo
Yin simintin gyare-gyaren tsari ne wanda ake zuba wani abu mai ruwa, kamar ƙarfe, filastik, ko yumbu, a cikin wani ƙura kuma a bar shi ya ƙarfafa zuwa siffar da ake so.Ana amfani da shi don ƙirƙirar sassa waɗanda ke nuna manyan matakan daidaito da maimaitawa.Simintin gyare-gyare kuma zaɓi ne mai tsada a cikin samar da babban tsari.
Nau'o'in simintin gyare-gyare na yau da kullun sun haɗa da:
❖ Gyaran allura.Tsarin masana'antu da ake amfani da shi don samar da sassa taallura narkakkarabu - sau da yawa filastik - a cikin wani mold.Sa'an nan kuma an sanyaya kayan kuma an ƙarfafa shi, kuma an fitar da ɓangaren da aka gama daga ƙirar.
❖ Mutuwar wasan kwaikwayo.A cikin simintin mutuwa , narkakkar karfe ana tilastawa cikin kogon gyare-gyare a ƙarƙashin babban matsi.Ana amfani da simintin gyare-gyare don samar da hadaddun sifofi tare da babban daidaito da maimaitawa.
Zane don samarwa da sassa don samarwa
Zane don masana'anta ko masana'anta (DFM) yana nufin hanyar injiniya don ƙirƙirar sashi ko kayan aiki tare da ƙira-farko mai da hankali, ba da damar samfurin ƙarshe wanda ya fi inganci kuma mai rahusa don samarwa.Binciken DFM ta atomatik na Hubs yana bawa injiniyoyi da masu ƙira su ƙirƙira, ƙirƙira, sauƙaƙawa, da haɓaka sassa kafin a yi su, yana sa tsarin masana'anta gabaɗaya ya fi dacewa.Ta hanyar zayyana sassan da suka fi sauƙi don ƙira, lokacin samarwa da farashi za a iya rage, kamar yadda haɗarin kuskure da lahani a sassa na ƙarshe.
Nasihu don yin amfani da bincike na DFM don rage farashin aikin samar da ku
❖ Rage abubuwan da aka gyara.Yawanci, ƙananan abubuwan da ɓangaren ke da shi, ƙananan lokacin taro, haɗari ko kuskure, da ƙimar gabaɗaya.
❖ Samuwar.Sassan da za a iya ƙera su tare da samuwa hanyoyin samarwa da kayan aiki - kuma waɗanda ke da sauƙin ƙira - suna da sauƙi da rahusa don samarwa.
❖ Kayayyaki da abubuwan da aka gyara.Sassan da ke amfani da daidaitattun kayan aiki da abubuwan haɗin gwiwa na iya taimakawa rage farashi, sauƙaƙa sarrafa sarkar samar da kayayyaki, da tabbatar da cewa ana samun sassa masu sauyawa cikin sauƙi.
❖ Gabatarwar bangare.Yi la'akari da daidaitawar sashi yayin samarwa.Wannan na iya taimakawa rage buƙatar tallafi ko wasu ƙarin fasalulluka waɗanda zasu iya haɓaka lokacin samarwa gaba ɗaya da farashi.
❖ Ka guji yankewa.Ƙarƙashin ɓangarorin fasali ne waɗanda ke hana a cire sashe cikin sauƙi daga abin ƙira ko kayan aiki.Gujewa ƙasƙantattu na iya taimakawa rage lokacin samarwa da farashi, da haɓaka ɗaukacin ingancin ɓangaren ƙarshe.
Farashin sassan masana'anta don samarwa
Buga ma'auni tsakanin inganci da farashi shine mabuɗin a cikin sassan masana'anta da ake nufi don samarwa.Anan akwai abubuwa da yawa masu alaƙa da tsada don la'akari:
❖ Kayayyaki.Farashin kayan da aka yi amfani da su a cikin tsarin masana'antu ya dogara da nau'in kayan da aka yi amfani da su, samuwa, da adadin da ake bukata.
❖ Kayan aiki.Ciki har da farashin injuna, gyare-gyare, da sauran kayan aikin musamman da aka yi amfani da su wajen kera.
❖ Yawan samarwa.Gabaɗaya, mafi girman ƙarar sassan da kuke samarwa, ƙananan farashin kowane sashi.Wannan shi ne ainihin gaskiyaallura gyare-gyare, wanda ke ba da mahimman tattalin arziƙin ma'auni don manyan kundin tsari.
❖ Lokacin jagoranci.Sassan da aka samar da sauri don ayyuka masu mahimmancin lokaci sau da yawa suna haifar da farashi mai girma fiye da waɗanda ke da tsawon lokacin jagora.
Samu zance nan takedon kwatanta farashi da lokutan jagora don sassan samarwa ku.
Tushen labarin:https://www.hubs.com/knowledge-hub/?topic=CNC+machining
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-14-2023